Pulling on the baby’s head during birth can damage the delicate nerve fibres in the neck which send signals to the muscle in the iris which dilates the pupil. Some people have a difference in pupil size from birth, particularly if forceps were used during delivery. This difference in pupil size is not linked with any underlying condition. This difference is the same, regardless of whether they are in a dark room or in bright light. Many people have a difference of up to 1mm between the two pupils. The pupil also becomes smaller when we focus on something close-up, thereby helping the eye to focus an image onto the back of the eye. In bright light, the pupils become smaller so the light doesn’t dazzle us. In a dark room, the pupils become bigger to let more light in, so we can still see. By changing the pupil size, light more or less enters the eye. The iris is a ring-shaped muscle - more precisely, it contains two muscles, one to make the pupil bigger, and the other to make the pupil smaller. The pupil is the ‘hole’ in the centre of the iris, the blue/brown part at the front of the eye. Is this something to be concerned about if you notice it in your child?ĭr Annegret Dahlmann-Noor, director of the children’s eye service at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, discusses this issue in this informative article for parents and carers. However, it’s possible that they are different sizes. No cure is currently known, so care designed to ensure the cat’s comfort would be advised.īoth of these conditions require no treatment.It goes without saying that our pupils are an incredibly useful part of our eyes because of how they automatically adjust to light, allowing us to adapt to our environment in an instant. This issue will generally resolve on its own, but eye drops may be prescribed to help with symptoms. This can be alleviated with ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and a low sodium diet. Both have side effects and treatment time can be lengthy. Radiation or chemotherapy may also be treatment options to fight against cancer. Recovery time will depend on the location of the tumors. The cat would be put under general anesthesia for the procedure. If tumors are found, surgery may be an option. The average time needed for antibiotics is 2-4 weeks. If eye infections are found, the responsible bacteria will be identified and the appropriate antibiotics will be prescribed. Often medication will be prescribed for this condition, reducing the intra ocular pressure and fixing the unequal pupils in the process. If this is the situation, the removal of the medication should stop the pupil issue. In some cases, a medication will be found to cause unequal pupils. Common issues and their recommended treatments are listed below. Severity of underlying issues range from harmless to life-threatening. If no cause is found, the cat may be referred to an ophthalmologist for further inspection.Īs unequal pupils are often the sign of an underlying issue, treatment depends on the issue and not the condition of the pupils themselves. Obvious signs of disease will be noted for diagnostic purposes. Urinalysis may be needed in cases of infection. Spinal fluids may need to be collected and analyzed in some cases of neurological issues. An ultrasound, MRI or CT scan may be requested if tumors or lesions are suspected. Specific blood tests and complete blood counts may be needed in cases which Feline Leukemia Virus or cancer are suspected. An ERG (electroretinography) test may be conducted to measure the function of cones and rods within the eye.īiopsies or conjunctival scrapings may be collected and sent to labs for further analysis. The cornea may be stained with dye to better find ulcers, scratches or other injuries. Topometry may be applied to test for intraocular pressure.
Tear production may be measured with a Schirmer Test. This includes checking for blinking reflexes, object following ability, and proper light sensitivity. Often, the function of the pupils will be evaluated using Visual Pathway Testing. Many tests may be carried out at this point. The main objective will be to determine if the unequal pupils stem from a neurological problem or an eye problem. You will be asked if your cat has undergone any recent trauma that you are aware of. Next, the vet will complete a physical examination with detailed focus on the eye region.
#Unequal pupil size why full
To start the diagnostic process, the vet will require your cat's full medical history along with all current prescriptions, including eye drops.
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